Why hotel firms choose to integrate both vertically and horizontally Essay

Why inn firms decide to coordinate both vertically and on a level plane inside the more extensive the travel industry - Essay Example The reason for a business is to get and keep a client. As inn firms are progressively developing elements working inside a powerfully advancing condition, a few methods for assessment of the manner by which the two cooperate must be seen to empower them as better coordinated. So as to accomplish these objectives the travel industry and neighborliness industry decide to coordinate both vertically and on a level plane to address the issues of their clients and accomplish generally speaking targets. It ought to be referenced that reconciliation is improvement past the current item and market, yet at the same time inside the wide limits of the 'industry' inside which the organization works: for instance, Sheraton and Crowne Plaza are expanded enterprises, however for all intents and purposes the entirety of their inclinations are in the shopper administration industry. Incorporation both vertical and even accordingly expands on the advantages or exercises which the firm has created in administration or market terms (Nebel, 1991). 1.1. Vertical incorporation. Vertical incorporation is a more extensive term used to portray either in reverse or forward coordination. In reverse coordination is well known in the travel industry and accommodation industry. It alludes to advancement into exercises which are worried about the contributions to the organization's present business (for example are further back in the worth framework). In reverse coordination is significant for the travel industry and cordiality industry since it alludes to advancement into exercises which are worried about an organization's yields (for example are further forward in the worth framework, for example, transport, dissemination, fixes and overhauling (Powers, Barrows, 2002). 1.2. Even mix. Flat joining alludes to improvement into exercises which are serious with, or legitimately reciprocal to, an organization's current exercises. A loaning library's expansion into traveler data or video tape material would be a model (Stutts, 2001). The securing of, or merger with, a contender would be one method of accomplishing this, for instance. The key rationale behind flat advancement is commonly to pick up influence or market control over providers or purchasers. Higher volume for the most part presents more noteworthy scale economies in buying while bigger item piece of the overall industry gives more noteworthy estimating control over clients. 2. The job of vertical mix in accommodation and the travel industry In reverse vertical advancement is development towards a provider of assets utilized by the business. This may be an endeavor to make sure about flexibly of a secret weapon or to increase a cost advantage over contenders by 'securing' a provider. On the other hand, forward vertical improvement is development towards the following stage in the gracefully chain by increasing an enthusiasm for a purchaser of the organization's yields. In the two cases, the key rationale is to make sure about a decent footing in a similar flexibly chain to ensure gracefully or appropriation. This level of vertical combination was surprising in an industry which had become described by pro organizations focusing on only one of these jobs. The organization accepted the quality of its way of thinking was that one division could assist another when times got hard, as in the downturn of the mid 1990s. For instance, despite the fact that interest for low rate lodgings had declined, yet standard administrations had encountered solid. Accordingly, the low rate lodgings h

Same Ratio Of Allocation Of Impairment Loss -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Examine About The Same Ratio Of Allocation Of Impairment Loss? Answer: Introducation Bookkeeping of Impairment of benefits go under the domain of Accounting Standard 136 (AASB 136). This bookkeeping standard made under segment 334 of the enterprises Act 2001. AASB 136 perceives and measures the impedance loss of non-money related resources those not shrouded under in any AASBs. Further this standard will likewise determine the strategies for performing impedance tests, timings of leading sign test just as mix of advantages under tests. Further AASB 136 additionally recommends the strategy for detailing misfortunes of debilitation in money related reports, inversion states of disability misfortunes and last however not the least exposure techniques and the prerequisites (AASB-136, 2007). The principle reason for this standard is to guarantee that elements can't convey resources more than the recoverable sum. Elements are required to hindered resources and charge weakness misfortune in the books of records. It incorporates a special case which expresses that if the conveying sum is more than the sum to get recuperated through use or offer of benefit, at that point all things considered elements can convey resources more than the recoverable sum in their books (Paragraph 1). This standard is pertinent to those elements which gets ready books of records as per Corporation Act 2001 (AASB-136, 2007). This standard pertinent to non-monetary resources, for example, structures, furniture, apparatuses, auxiliaries, partners, joint endeavors, hardware, altruism, apparatuses and so forth. (AASB-136, 2007). Further Paragraph 2 of AASB 136 states that the pertinence of this standard doesn't stretch out to book weakness loss of inventories, development contracts resources, conceded charge resources, speculation property esteeming under AASB 140 and different resources which spread its valuation under AASB 119, AASB 139, AASB 5 and AASB 141 and so on. (AASB-136, 2007). As indicated by passage 9 of AASB 136, each element will survey at each announcing date the sign of benefit disability and that sign can be assembled either through external sources or internal wellsprings of data. On the off chance that any kind of sign exists, the recoverable sum will be assessed by the substance for that specific resource. Aside from sign, substances can likewise test for hindrance to those elusive resources having interminable life in addition to those which are not accessible for use and for generosity additionally on a yearly premise by contrasting recoverable sum and the conveying sum (AASB-136, 2007). Presently the count of recoverable sum is expressed in passage 19-57 of AASB 136 which expresses that recoverable measure of advantage or money creating unit is higher of the two: reasonable worth short expense to sell and the incentive being used (AASB-136, 2007). Passage 25-29 of AASB 136 portrays Fair worth less expense to sell. It implies the worth reachable at the a safe distance cost at the hour of offer of money producing units or resources less removal costs assuming any (AASB-136, 2007). Incentive being used methods proposed Present estimation of incomes got from money producing units or resources. In the event that in the event that any sum (that is either an incentive being used or reasonable worth less expense to sell) is higher than conveying measure of advantages or money producing units then the other sum doesn't have to figure since resources or money creating units doesn't gets debilitated. On the off chance that it is preposterous to expect to evaluate recoverable sum, at that point in such conditions AASB 136 requires the self-assertive assignment of debilitation misfortunes to the advantages or money creating units barring generosity (AASB-136, 2007). After the above estimation, resource is debilitated and the disability misfortune is processed. The recipe for Impairment misfortune = conveying sum less recoverable sum (AASB-136, 2007) Conveying sum implies the net measure of advantages or money creating units after conclusion of aggregated deterioration and gathered debilitation deficit sum. As per Paragraph 59-64 of AASB 136, estimation and the acknowledgment of disability misfortune for singular resources is expressed though under passage 65-108 of AASB 136, estimation and the acknowledgment of impedance misfortune for the money creating units or altruism it is portrayed (AASB-136, 2007). Section 60 of AASB 136 Impairment misfortune must be perceived in a flash in the announcement of benefit and misfortune represent non-revalued resources (AASB-136, 2007). After the acknowledgment of debilitation misfortune, the devaluation sum will be adjusted according to the overhauled conveying measure of benefits. Money Generating Units As indicated by Paragraph 6 of AASB 136, Cash creating unit implies gathering of benefits that produces money inflows which are not identified with the money inflows of different resources. Money producing units must be normally recognized for similar resources except if in any case determined. On the off chance that in the wake of directing test sign of disability, recoverable sum will be figured for the money producing units just if recoverable measure of individual resources can't be evaluated. Recoverable sum for money creating units will be determined same according to the estimation of individual resources. Passage 104 of AASB 136 depicts the hindrance misfortune for a money creating units. As talked about above, hindrance loss of money producing units will be perceived just when conveying measure of gathering of advantages are more than recoverable measure of gathering of benefits (AASB-136, 2007). For money producing units, measure of impedance misfortune will be distributed in the accompanying request to decrease the conveying sum: Right off the bat, lessen the generosity conveying sum which was before allotted to the money creating units, and Besides, lessen the conveying measure of different resources in a gathering based on master rata. Inversion of a hindrance misfortune for a Cash producing units is depicted under Paragraph 122-123 of AASB 136. Inversion measure of disability misfortune will be allotted in a similar proportion of assignment of weakness misfortune (AASB-136, 2007). Revelation prerequisites of this norm: This standard unveils following things: Measure of impedance misfortune Inversion of Amount of impedance losss References AASB 136. (2007). Impedance of advantages. recovered on 18 September 2017 from https://www.aasb.gov.au/administrator/document/content105/c9/AASB136_07-04_COMPapr07_07-07.pdf.

The wooden bowl

The wooden bowl A frail old man went to live with his son, daughter-in-law, and a four-year old grandson. The old mans hands trembled, his eyesight was blurred, and his step faltered.The family ate together nightly at the dinner table. But the elderly grandfathers shaky hands and failing sight made eating rather difficult. Peas rolled off his spoon onto the floor. When he grasped the glass often milk spilled on the tablecloth.The son and daughter-in-law became irritated with the mess. We must do something about grandfather, said the son. Ive had enough of his spilled milk, noisy eating, and food on the floor. So the husband and wife set a small table in the corner. There, grandfather ate alone while the rest of the family enjoyed dinner at the dinner table. Since grandfather had broken a dish or two, his food was served in a wooden bowl. Sometimes when the family glanced in grandfathers direction, he had a tear in his eye as he ate alone. Still, the only words the couple had for him were sharp admon itions when he dropped a fork or spilled food. The four-year-old watched it all in silence. One evening before supper, the father noticed his son playing with wood scraps on the floor. He asked the child sweetly, What are you making? Just as sweetly, the boy responded, Oh, I am making the bowl for you and mama to eat. The four-year-old smiled and went back to work. The words so struck the parents that they were speechless. Then tears started to stream down their cheeks. Though no word was spoken, both knew what must be done. That evening the husband took grandfathers hand and gently led him back to the family table. For the remainder of his days he ate every meal with the family. And for some reason, neither husband nor wife seemed to care any longer when a fork was dropped, milk spilled, or the tablecloth soiled.Children are remarkably perceptive. Their eyes ever observe, their ears ever listen, and their minds ever process the messages they absorb. If they see us patiently provid e a happy home atmosphere for family members, they will imitate that attitude for the rest of their lives. The wise parent realizes that every day that building blocks are being laid for the childs future.Let us all be wise builders and role models. Take care of yourself, and those you love, today, and everyday!

The Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allen Poe Essay - 2597 Words

Edgar Allen Poe is one of the best short stories writers and known for his insane crimes and gruesome murders. How he portrays the murderer is his art and how he makes the readers feel is his talent. Often in his short stories he used common themes, but the plots are different. In comparing three of Poe’s short stories â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart†, â€Å"Hop Frog† and â€Å"The Cask of the Amontillado† a reader can see common themes such as love and hate, revenge and insanity. In Poe’s story, â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart†, he uses one narrator to tell the details of a man who murders a person he knows, â€Å"the old man†. He is has no reason to kill this person except of his pale blue eye with a film over it, describing it as an evil â€Å"vulture† eye that disturbed him deeply. The storyteller tries to convince the readers that he has suffered from an illness, but he cannot be insane, and claims that he loved the old man and didn’t want anything else from him. There’s a constant reminder this is not a killing from a mad man, but from a sane person who takes very good calculations and precise timing to murder. He stalks the older man for 7 days and on the eighth day, at midnight, the manic murderer couldn’t take it any longer and had to kill the old man and claimed hearing the beating of old man’ On that night, the murderer opens the door and sees the old man sitting up, eyes wide open which angered him. He rushes into the room, and throws the bed covers over the older man face and suffocated him. AfterShow MoreRelatedThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allen Poe1427 Words   |  6 PagesMeghan Amorim ENWR 106:29 Professor Ghoshal 27 September 2015 The Tell Tale Heart In â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart†, by Edgar Allen Poe, the reader is presented with the short story of a madman who narrates his murder of an old man because, â€Å"he had the eye of a vulture --a pale blue eye, with a film over it† (Poe 105). The narrator has thought thoroughly about his plan to murder this old man, and the murderer then stashes his body underneath the floorboards. Eventually, his guilt overcomes him and he startsRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allen Poe993 Words   |  4 PagesIn â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† by Edgar Allen Poe, it is classified as a short story with horror fiction as the genre. This was written in three different types of fear during the Romanticism period. In this short story the encounter is filtered through the eyes of the unnamed dynamic narrator. The narrator consumes upon the old man’s eye and determines to perform a conscious act of murder. Fear is defined as a horrid feeling that is caused by a belief that a person or something is unsafe, most likelyRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allen Poe1103 Words   |  5 PagesThe Tell-Tale Heart I am doing my essay on â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† by Edgar Allen Poe. I am going to tell you about the author and what he is greatly known for, next I will summarize the story and tell you the main themes and parts of the story that really play a big role in the story, then I will describe all the symbolisms in the story, and last I will prove that the deed drove the narrator insane more than he was already. The author of â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† is Edgar Allen Poe. Poe was born onRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allen Poe1851 Words   |  8 Pagesdisease had sharpened my senses--not destroyed--not dulled them. Above all was the sense of hearing acute. I heard all things in heaven and in the Earth. I heard many things in hell. How, then, am I mad?† (Page 1, Poe). In the short story, â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart,† author Edgar Allen Poe explores insanity; and provides a study of paranoia and mental deterioration through an unreliable narrator. Throughout this macabre, sinister, narrative short story, the narrator attempts to convince readers of hisRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allen Poe981 Words   |  4 PagesThe Tell-Tale Heart In the first-person short story â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† by Edgar Allen Poe Men have guilty intentions. A man can have a heart and do something harmful and have guilty intentions afterwards. It has a lot to do with how a person is feeling on the inside to actually determine their intentions. The Tale-Tell Heart follows an unnamed narrator who insists on his sanity after murdering an old man with a vulture eye. From the complex of all of Poe s short stories, The Tell-TaleRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allen Poe1703 Words   |  7 PagesIn â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart†, by Edgar Allen Poe, the narrator both experiences guilt from killing the old man in which he cared for and also the constant plea of proving his sanity. The narrator one day decides that he should kill the old man in which he cares for, due to the fact that he had an evil eye. Though insane and bizarre, the narrator thinks that he is not crazy; he just has heightened senses that allow him to hear things that no human could ever hear. The telling of the story from whateverRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allen Poe921 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† is a famous short story written by Edgar Allen Poe. The story was first published in 1843. This story is about an unnamed man who kills an elderly man due to his â€Å"vulture eye†. The man serves as the narrator in this story and describes to readers in detail as he carefully stalks the man, kills him and hides his body under his floorboards after he cuts him up. Eventually, the narrator’s guilt eats him alive to the point that he confesses his crime to three visiting policemenRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allen Poe Essay1452 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† Analysis and Opinion Edgar Allen Poe, born January 19, 1809 in Boston Massachusetts, is famously known for his tales and poems of horror and mystery that evoked the interest of readers worldwide, and still do to this day. Some background about Poe is that his father, David Poe Jr., left his family early in Poe’s life, and his mother, Elizabeth Arnold Poe, died when Poe was just three years old due to tuberculosis. He had to be separated from his sister, Rosalie, and his brotherRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allen Poe934 Words   |  4 Pagesthe head and the arms and the legs†, said the madman (39). In Edgar Allen Poe’s short story, â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart†, the themes are vital for readers to identify with the madman’s reasoning of every single action he executes. Such events as in the first sentence would be difficult, if not impossible, to grasp without the knowledge of any themes. While some individuals may feel that themes are merely add-on elements in similar tales, this analysis will establish quite the contrary. The themes areRead MoreAnalysis Of The Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allen Poe1320 Words   |  6 PagesRory Spillane Mr. Bruno English IV period 8 1.29.15 Analysis of the Tell-Tale Heart Edgar Allen Poe was born on January 19th, 1809 in Boston, Massachusetts. He went on to become one of the most famous American poets and authors in history. The subjects of his poems and stories were often morbid in nature, many of them having to do with death and murder. Unfortunately, the dark tone of his work reflected the darkness of his life, which was marked with notable instances of tragedy, such as the

The Real Id Act - 994 Words

There is no doubt that the attacks on 9/11 caused Congress to pass the Real ID Act in order to prevent foreign nationals from fraudulently obtaining a U.S. driver’s license. Congress said the Real ID Act is about security, not stigmas. The law was intended to set principles for states that issue licenses and to procure acceptable documents. However, due to budgets, there are not enough resources to verify the accuracy of these documents from foreign countries. This is based solely on three 9/11 hijackers being able to obtain state identification cards while using fictitious documents. In total, thirty three hijackers acquired state driver’s licenses. Unfortunately, stern stipulations have gradually decreased due to several states and local governments allowing Identification cards to be issued without distinguishing from an authentic driver’s license (Jeunesse, 2015). This allows for illegal immigrants with fake identifications to pass off their cards as driver’s license at the airport and another other place, which creates a major security gap. Advocates for illegal immigrants have opposed parts of the law that require â€Å"noncompliant† cards for undocumented workers to look different than licenses for U.S. citizens and legal residents according to Jeunesse. For example, in Colorado, the distinguishing feature for the identification card is a small black band. In D.C., there is a small star in the corner that distinguishes their identification cards. Currently, there areShow MoreRelatedEssay on Attempts to Establish a National Identification System 2501 Words   |  11 Pages1910 (p. 11). Other states followed suit. The Social Security Act passed in the 1930s required all citizens to have a unique nine digit number in order to receive social security benefits. (SocialSecurity.gov, para 1) Today, it is common knowledge that all e mployers are required to request and verify a social security number at the start of employment. According to Rotenberg, federal discussions related to the national ID card took place several times before the attempt in 2005. CitingRead MoreHomeland Security Document1256 Words   |  6 PagesThe Department of Homeland Security website explains the basic information of the REAL ID Act that was passed by congress in 2005. The web site provides important dates such as implementation dates and the dates that all states are required to be in compliance with the Act. It states that the United States Congress feels that the Act sets the standard for regulating new state identification cards and establishes minimum security regulations for the new identification card regarding security enhancementsRead MoreTsa Essay817 Words   |  4 Pagesscreening processes. Passengers that do not have ID may still be allowed to fly if their identity can be verified through an alternate way. Passenger that forgot their valid ID, they must complete an ID verification process to identify them. Children under 18 years of age does not require to show ID if they traveling with an adult on domestic flight (TSA, N/A). Beginning of January 22, 2018 all TSA checkpoint will be complied with Real ID. The REAL ID Act establishes minimum security standards for licenseRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology And Psychology1073 Words   |  5 Pagesunconscious drives that motivate people to act in certain ways. According to Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, of personality it is composed of three elements. These three elements of personality are known as the Id, the ego, and superego (About.com Psychology). These three elements work together to create complex human behavior. The Id is the only component of personality that is present from birth. This part of the personality is totally unconscious. The Id is driven by the pleasure principle, whichRead MoreIllegal Immigration and the Federalist System Essay1281 Words   |  6 PagesFebruary 2009 The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act wherein $400 million in funds [will be budgeted] to strengthen security and infrastructure for ports of entry on the Southwest border (â€Å"Immigration †). Previous to that particular bill, President George W. Bush signed into effect the REAL ID Act of 2005 that required national standards for issuance of official identification--amongst many other provisions (109th Congress, H.R. 418). T he REAL ID Act in its influence of immigration policy would inRead MoreReaction Paper on Personality Thoery1037 Words   |  5 Pageselements. These three elements of personality--known as the id, the ego and the superego--work together to create complex human behaviors. The Id The id is the only component of personality that is present from birth. This aspect of personality is entirely unconscious and includes of the instinctive and primitive behaviors. According to Freud, the id is the source of all psychic energy, making it the primary component of personality. The id is driven by the  pleasure principle, which strives for immediateRead MorePsychological ( Freudian ) Theory Research Paper1442 Words   |  6 Pagesdivides human personality into 3 major components: The Id, Ego, and Superego. These three components of personality work together to make very complex human behaviours. The Id element is the component of personality that is present from birth. The Id is entirely unconscious and is made up of instinctive and primitive behaviours. Freud believed that the Id is the source of all psychic energy, making it the most important part of the personality. The Id is run by the pleasure Notgrass 2 principleRead MoreThe Id, Ego, and Super-Ego in T.S. Eliot’s The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock1544 Words   |  7 Pagesof J. Alfred Prufrock† to correspond to Prufrock’s mind. Eliot uses the architecture of the three locations described in the text to explore parts of Prufrocks mind in the Freudian categories of id, ego, and super-ego; the city that is described becomes the Ego, the room where he encounters women his Id and the imagined ocean spaces his Super Ego. Eliot is vague in his suggestion of Prufrock’s audience, only referring to the listener once using â€Å"you and I;†(1) however, by analyzing Eliot’s intertextualRead MorePsychological Analysis: Arsats Behaviors and Thoughts in â€Å"the Lagoon†1748 Words   |  7 Pagesminds into three parts; Id, Ego and Superego. They describe mental and physical activities and interactions in life theoretically. According to this theory, â€Å"Id† is the unorganized part of our minds. Id acts on the basis of avoiding pain or unpleasure evoked by instinctual tensions. While â€Å"Id† cannot take a â€Å"no† to block its yearning, â€Å"Ego† is an organized part of mind that drives Id in practical and realistic ways that benefit life in long term. Work in opposition to the Id, â€Å"Superego† controls allRead MoreFreuds Theories on Personality Development Essay555 Words   |  3 Pagessubconscious thinks and acts independently. One o f Freuds key findings was that much behaviour is driven directly from the subconscious mind. This has the alarming consequence that we are largely unable to control our behaviour. Freud also went on to describe the human personality as being structured into three parts, the Id, Ego and Superego. He explained that an individual’s feelings, thoughts, and behaviours are the result of the interaction of the id, the superego, and

Travelling For Education Free Essays

Due to the miserable situations of Lebanese students and their long years of suffering from the bad educating services and due to the absence of responsibility toward university students and the difficulty of finding jobs. The researcher in this paper shows the attention to this problem. Traveling For Education It was become a fashion trend that more and more people choose to go abroad to study. We will write a custom essay sample on Travelling For Education or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some people think it is great experience while on the country , some others think it is not good at all! Despite of the importance of studying abroad and the presence of scientist that have raised Lebanon’s name abroad , there are still oppositions to the views of this idea that prefer to stay in Lebanon despite of all its problems that they suffer from . Students in Lebanon should study outside for many reasons. General atmosphere is not suitable to study in Lebanon on all levels. The lack of raw materials in Lebanon led to the weakness of electricity and this case does not fit college student who needs a convenient means for study and research. In addition to the electricity obstacle we  notice the non-existence of laboratories, libraries and research centers, the state does not give an adequate attention to this deficiency, which leads for big effort toward the college student. For example , there is only one public library that opened new in Nabtieh † centre de lecture et d’animation culturelle † beside the red cross and it does not have the media support to be a know place to come to it. In addition to all problems that Lebanese students face we have an initial problem by students that is the lack of comfort in government universities , and when they resort  Ã‚  to private universities that are more comfortable with all they need for studying they will be shocked by the high cost that they can’t afford which lead them to depression , and we will not forget the non-support for the best students that government must appreciate and have a look for them. Going abroad to study means far more than learning. The book† Intercultural journeys from study to residence abroad † ( Jackson , 1954) talk about this issue. This book focuses on the actual experiences of college students who travelled from their homes to foreign lands, the author  explores the linkage between intercultural awareness and sensitivity, language development , and identity reconstruction in young adult college learners. Generally, the first thing you need to do is to survive in a foreign nation. Where to find a place to live? How to deal with transportation? How to cook food? All these are the things you have to think and depend on yourself. Students who study abroad have to take care of themselves, and these questions are used the Lebanese students who don’t want to travel abroad. Without parents, you can learn how to arrange their  own issues and do everything by yourself better. This is what we call independent awareness. Studying abroad cultivate your independent awareness and capability of taking care yourself. It is   always a tough time when living in a country that is totally new to you and facing all kinds problems. One you overcome them , you get the ability to live on your own. This is great, when the people of your age still enjoying their lives under the protection of their families, you begin to experience life. We take this factor as the most important advantage as it teaches you the basic ability to live your life. No one but yourself can teach you this! Everyone needs to be enriched with more experience and be more mature. Studying abroad means you set yourself into a circumstance that is totally different to you. You can enjoy a new culture all by yourself: people’s thoughts and behaviors and the way people live are the first-hand to you , is not this great ? Cultural differences are more than just differences in language, food, appearances, culture and personal habits. A person’s reflects very deep perceptions, beliefs, and values that influence his or her way of life and the way that he or she views the world. Students who experience cultural differences personally can come to truly understand where other cultures are coming from. You can greatly increase your adaptability to what we call the † Global Village† in your potential career ( Dixon , 2009 ) . Only knowing cultural difference is not enough, studying abroad has a lot more to explore! seeing the beautiful sceneries of a nation, volunteering   in social work and communicating with local people are all up to you. By studying abroad you know more about the world, no matter academically or physically. Knowing more a and experiencing more help you think rationally and behave maturely. The things above are the most important and valuable advantages we can think of. And of course there are much more that hat we mentioned , learning and mastering a new manage or having the chance to travel may also be the advantages that attract you. Do not hesitate, going abroad to study do offer you great improvement! How to cite Travelling For Education, Papers

Turing On Intelligence Essay Research Paper Copyright free essay sample

Turing On Intelligence Essay, Research Paper Copyright ( degree Celsius ) 1996-1997 # 8212 ; School Sucks # 8212 ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.schoolsucks.com The biggest Free School documents database on the Net! IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Filename: 12K4.TXT A Subject: 031: Science: Doctrine A Title: Turing on Intelligence documents = Please set your paper here. Can computing machines of all time be intelligent? Hollywood would wish to believe so. Ever since the early 1960s, free believing machines have entered the mainstream of Science-Fiction movies, from the evil # 8220 ; Hal # 8221 ; from 2001: A Space Odyssey to the elegant # 8220 ; Data # 8221 ; in Star T to Turing? s standard. In 1950, Alan Turing devised a trial to find intelligence of a digital computing machine in his historic essay, Calculating Machinery and Intelligence. His name for the trial was the # 8220 ; Imitation game, # 8221 ; which was later named the # 8220 ; Turing Test # 8221 ; by members of the AI trial was held on November 8, 1991 in Boston # 8217 ; s Computer Museum. The competition was called the Loebner Contest, named after a concern adult male Hugh Loebner who offered a $ 100,000 dollar award to the writer of the first plan to go through the full Turing trial. We will write a custom essay sample on Turing On Intelligence Essay Research Paper Copyright or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In T To this twenty-four hours, the AI community can non hold on how it is we are intelligent. If we are witting, self-conscious, understanding, rational existences, and we are besides intelligent, are we intelligent because we are witting, self-conscious, and rational, or are these achine? s outward behaviour is identical from the rational behaviour of a homo, so the machine is intelligent. Turing implies that what is go oning within the computing machine is irrelevant to the inquiry of intelligence. This definition omits the The definition of intelligence Turing proposed about 50 old ages ago still remains a valid one. Members of the AI community have accepted his definition as a jurisprudence. Still others rebut his definition. In effort to demo that Turing? s definition of intel 1. Shop 2. Executive unit, 3. Control. Like and infant turning to adulthood invariably taking in informations and hive awaying it, the computing machine can besides have and hive away inputs. With engineering today, this storage can be about infinite. The executive unit in an baby is the baby? s ability to entree he shop, and dictat es the computing machine? s behaviour. It is clear that although there exist important analogues between the wide maps of a human head and those of a computing machine, there seems to be a cardinal difference between these two systems: The computing machine merely recalls information stored in its vitamin D But wouldn? T that merely be an application of already known finds applied to a different job? If this type of work is defined as original, so a computing machine can easy produce original work by associating information in its databases together using n thought. The lone difference at that place seems to be is the deficiency of consciousness on the portion of the computing machine. I would now wish to take apart the statement of consciousness Turing addressed in his paper with a modern illustration. The statement from consciousness is simple: In order to cognize a machine thinks, one would hold to somehow happen out if the machine knows it is s with Chinese characters on them. When a native Chinese talker who acts as a justice inserts a phrase by agencies of index cards through the slot, the adult male must explicate a response. But the regulation book does non hold interlingual renditions for the characters. Alternatively, Searle states that no computing machine plan could of all time understand anything as we understand things. Programs mimic the actions of the English talker, they follow regulations to pull strings meaningless symbols. Although the end product of the computing machine is meaningful to u go the machine and see the consciousness it is sing. The Turing trial still remains the most accurate agencies of mensurating intelligence. It is clear that computing machines # 8220 ; believe # 8221 ; otherwise than worlds. Philosophers like John Searle support the claim that computing machines will be able to believe consciously, although non i Mentions: Epstein, Robert. The Quest for the Thinking Computer. AI Magazine, pages 80 # 8211 ; 95, 1992. Garner, Robby. The Idea of FRED, ALMA, Issue 1, January 18, 1996 Gribbin, John. In Search of Schroedinger? s Cat. New York. 1984. p163. Turing, A.M. , 1950. Calculating Machinery and Intelligence, Mind 59: 433-460. Reprinted in: Haugeland, John. Mind Design II. 1997, 29-56 Plato, Meno. Indianapolis, Indiana. 1949. p44. Searle, John. Minds, Brains and Programs. Behavior and Brain Sciences 334

Financial Analysis of Microsoft Corporation The WritePass Journal

Financial Analysis of Microsoft Corporation Financial Analysis of Microsoft Corporation IntroductionBACKGROUND OF MICROSOFTDESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF MICROSOFT’ PERFORMANCE OVERTIME  Balance sheet for Microsoft Corporation as at 30th June 2011. (Annually)COMPARISON OF MOCROSOFT PERFORMANCE WITH SP 500 (MARKET) USING T-TESTConclusion:ANALYSIS OF MICROSOFT PERFORMANCE WITH CAPMBIBLIOGRAPHYRelated Introduction BACKGROUND OF MICROSOFT Microsoft is the most prominent technology corporation in the world that deals with computers according to posts from big history.net. ’’ With annual revenues of more than $32 billion, Microsoft Corporation is more than the largest software company in the world: it is a cultural phenomenon. The companys core business is based on developing, manufacturing, and licensing software products, including operating systems, server applications, business and consumer applications, and software development tools, as well as Internet software, technologies, and services’’. fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Microsoft-Corporation-Company-History.html ‘’The name of the famous person – Bill Gates comes in one’s mind with mention of   the name of Microsoft. He is the founder of the company and is believed to be the smartest programmers ever.’’ bighistory.net/microsoft-a-short-history/. Led by him, Microsoft had witnessed its heydays and has been able to have its product on almost every personal computer in the world, and in the process creating standards in the technology industry as well as market re-definition. ‘’Gates was first exposed to computers at school in the late 1960s with his friend Paul Allen, the son of two Seattle librarians. By the time Gates was 14; the two friends were writing and testing computer programs for fun and profit. In 1972 they established their first company, Traf-O-Data, which sold a rudimentary computer that recorded and analyzed traffic data. Allen went on to study computer science at the University of Washington and then dropped out to work at Honeywell, while Gates enrolled at Harvard. Inspired in 1975 by an issue of Popular Electronics that showed the new Altair microcomputer kit just released by MITS Computer, Gates and Allen wrote a version of BASIC for the machine. Later that year Gates left college to work full time developing programming languages for the Altair, and he and Allen relocated to Albuquerque, New Mexico, to be near MITS Computer, where Allen took a position as director of software development. Gates and Allen named their partn ership Micro-soft’’. fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Microsoft-Corporation-Company-History.html. The word Microsoft was developed from two different words, micro from microcomputer and soft from software. The name was registered in New Mexico with the secretary of state in November 1976. On November 1978, the first international office of Microsoft was established in Japan and its name was ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange). It is now known as Microsoft Japan. In January 1979 the company’s headquarters was moved to Bellevue Washington. bighistory.net/microsoft-a-short-history/. In the early 80’s, Microsoft witnessed a period of great success when IBM contracted the company to develop an operating system for its personal computers (PC), which was underway. In the late 80’s Microsoft issued IPOs (initial public offering) of over two million shares and in the space of one year the price or the shares tripled and in the process making Gates a billionaire at about thirty years of age. Nonetheless, the company had lots of critics and legal cases against it from competitors and the likes. Microsoft success was further heightened by the tech bubble of the 2000 following the release of the windows XP, windows 2000,the acquisition of Visio corporation which stood as the largest acquisition in the life of Microsoft so far   with transaction value of about One and half a billion dollars. The company also spread its tentacles into the world of gaming with their popularly known X-BOX which has remained a success till date. DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF MICROSOFT’ PERFORMANCE OVERTIME   Key Dates: 1975: Microsoft is founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen; they sell BASIC, the first PC computer language program to MITS Computer, Microsofts first customer. 1981: Microsoft, Inc. is incorporated; IBM uses Microsofts 16-bit operating system for its first personal computer. 1982: Microsoft, U.K., Ltd. is incorporated. 1983: Paul Allen resigns as executive vice-president but remains on the board; Jon Shirley is made president of Microsoft (he later becomes CEO); Microsoft introduces the Microsoft Mouse and Word for MS-DOS 1.00. 1985: Microsoft and IBM forge a joint development agreement. 1986: Microsoft stock goes public at $21 per share. 1987: The Company’s first CD-ROM application, Microsoft Bookshelf, is released. 1990: Jon Shirley retires as president and CEO; Michael R. Hallman is promoted in Shirleys place; the company becomes the first PC software firm to surpass $1 billion of sales in a single year. 1992: Bill Gates is awarded the National Medal of Technology for Technological Achievement. 1993: The Company introduces Windows NT. 1995: Bill Gates publishes his first book, The Road Ahead. 1996: The Company acquires Vermeer Technologies and its software application, FrontPage. 1997: The Justice Department alleges that Microsoft violated a 1994 consent decree concerning licensing the Windows operating system to computer manufacturers. 1998: The U.S. Department of Justice files two antitrust cases against Microsoft, alleging the company had violated the Sherman Act. 2000: The Company acquires Visio Corporation, its largest acquisition to date. 2001: Microsoft Windows XP is released internationally. 2003: Microsoft launches Windows Server 2003. 2007: Microsoft launches Windows vista 2009: Microsoft launches windows 7 Source: fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Microsoft-Corporation-Company-History.html Balance sheet for Microsoft Corporation as at 30th June 2011. (Annually) Assets [+] in Millions of Dollars 06/2010 06/2009 06/2008 06/2007 06/2006 Cash and Equivalents 5,505 6,076 10,339 6,111 6,714 Restrictable Cash Marketable Securities 31,283 25,371 13,323 17,300 27,447 Accounts Receivable 13,014 11,192 13,589 11,338 9,316 Loans Receivable Other Receivables Receivables 13,014 11,192 13,589 11,338 9,316 Inventories, Raw Materials 172 170 417 435 465 Inventories, Work in Progress 16 45 31 148 Inventories, Purchased Components Inventories, Finished Goods 552 502 537 544 1,013 Inventories, Other Inventories, Adjustments Allowances Inventories 740 717 985 1,127 1,478 Prepaid Expenses Current Deferred Income Taxes 2,184 2,213 2,017 1,899 1,940 Other Current Assets 2,950 3,711 2,989 2,393 2,115 Total Current Assets 55,676 49,280 43,242 40,168 49,010 Land and Improvements 526 526 518 428 362 Buildings and Improvement 8,187 7,824 6,030 4,247 3,146 Machinery, Furniture and Equipment 7,546 6,732 5,996 4,691 3,715 Construction in Progress Fixed Assets, Other Fixed Assets, Total 16,259 15,082 12,544 9,366 7,223 Gross Fixed Assets 16,259 15,082 12,544 9,366 7,223 Accumulated Depreciation (8,629) (7,547) (6,302) (5,016) (4,179) Net Fixed Assets 7,630 7,535 6,242 4,350 3,044 Intangibles 1,158 1,759 1,973 878 539 Cost in Excess 12,394 12,503 12,108 4,760 3,866 Non-Current Deferred Income Taxes 279 949 1,389 2,611 Other Non-Current Assets 9,255 6,532 8,279 11,626 10,527 Total Non-Current Assets 30,437 28,608 29,551 23,003 20,587 Total Assets 86,113 77,888 72,793 63,171 69,597 Liabilities [+] in Millions of Dollars 06/2010 06/2009 06/2008 06/2007 06/2006 Accounts Payable 4,207 5,008 4,034 3,247 2,909 Short Term Debt 1,000 2,000 Notes Payable Accrued Expenses Accrued Liabilities 3,283 3,156 2,934 2,325 1,938 Deferred Revenues 13,652 13,003 13,397 10,779 9,138 Current Deferred Income Taxes 1,557 Other Current Liabilities 4,005 3,867 9,521 7,403 6,900 Total Current Liabilities 26,147 27,034 29,886 23,754 22,442 Long Term Debt 4,939 3,746 Deferred Income Tax 229 Other Non-Current Liabilities 8,623 7,550 6,621 8,320 7,051 Minority Interest Capital Lease Obligations Preferred Securities of Subsidiary Trust Preferred Equity Outside Shareholders Equity Total Non-Current Liabilities 13,791 11,296 6,621 8,320 7,051 Total Liabilities 39,938 38,330 36,507 32,074 29,493 Preferred Shareholders Equity Common Shareholders Equity 46,175 39,558 36,286 31,097 40,104 Common Par 62,856 62,382 62,849 Additional Paid in Capital 60,557 59,005 Cumulative Translation Adjustments 149 Retained Earnings (16,681) (22,824) (26,563) (31,114) (20,130) Treasury Stock Other Equity Adjustments 1,505 1,229 Total Capitalization 51,114 43,304 36,286 31,097 40,104 Total Equity 46,175 39,558 36,286 31,097 40,104 Total Liabilities Shareholders Equity 86,113 77,888 72,793 63,171 69 Closing price =$25.51 Volume sold =25.16m Source:answers.com/main/dsdata?dsid=2940templateid=0cid=27590212qm_page=30703. [Accessed 4 April 2011]. With more descriptive statistics, we can also examine the performance of Microsoft on a monthly basis from the year 1988- 2009 using returns (unit%) See excel for descriptive statistics. Microsoft return (unit %) Market return (unit %) Mean 0.021622876 Mean 0.857870722 Standard Error 0.00618845 Standard Error 0.269942879 Median 0.022084196 Median 1.41 Mode 0.064221396 Mode 1.78 Standard Deviation 0.100359793 Standard Deviation 4.377737838 Sample Variance 0.010072088 Sample Variance 19.16458858 Kurtosis 1.421423202 Kurtosis 1.709578314 Skewness 0.366537791 Skewness -0.812673531 Range 0.751310392 Range 29.51 Minimum -0.343529412 Minimum -18.46 Maximum 0.40778098 Maximum 11.05 Sum 5.686816298 Sum 225.62 Count 263 Count 263 From the descriptive statistics above, Microsoft has a positive skewness unlike the market whose skewness is negative, this indicates that Microsoft has a better flow or return than the market. It could also be noted that Microsoft is (1) standard deviation away from its mean whereas the market is (4) standard deviation away from its mean, this means that the returns of Microsoft had not been too volatile over the years and return on stocks are less risky. COMPARISON OF MOCROSOFT PERFORMANCE WITH SP 500 (MARKET) USING T-TEST See t-test on Excel   Ã‚  Ã‚   H0: Microsoft did not outperform the market   Ã‚  Ã‚   H1: Microsoft outperformed the market t-Test: Paired Two Sample for Means    Variable 1 Variable 2 Mean 0.021622876 0.857870722 Variance 0.010072088 19.16458858 Observations 263 263 Pearson Correlation 0.539530773 Hypothesized Mean Difference 0 df 262 t Stat -3.136067434 P(T=t) one-tail 0.000953757 t Critical one-tail 1.650690284 P(T=t) two-tail 0.001907515 t Critical two-tail 1.969059657 Conclusion: From the t-Test above, since the t-stats is greater in value than the   t -critical (irrespective of the -ve sign), we need to accept the alternative hypothesis (H1) which says that Microsoft outperformed the market and reject the Null hypothesis (H0) which says that Microsoft did not outperform the market. We can also infer this conclusion by looking at the P- value, here we can see that the p- value is less than the significance level of .05, therefore we need to accept the alternative hypothesis (H1). ANALYSIS OF MICROSOFT PERFORMANCE WITH CAPM Regression Statistics Multiple R 0.258985259 R Square 0.067073365 Adjusted R Square 0.063498933 Standard Error 0.185690508 Observations 263 ANOVA    df SS MS F Significance F Regression 1 0.647027164 0.647027164 18.764764 2.11102E-05 Residual 261 8.999531777 0.034480965 Total 262 9.646558942    Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value Lower 95% Upper 95% Lower 95.0% Upper 95.0% Intercept -0.32415329 0.011530623 -28.1123831 6.17385E-81 -0.346858177 -0.30145 -0.34686 -0.30145 X Variable 1 0.011371441 0.002625088 4.331831484 2.11102E-05 0.006202393 0.01654 0.006202 0.01654 CAPM :- E(R)=RF+ÃŽ ²[RM-RF] By substituting the CAPM formula into the regression, we have Y= ÃŽ ±+ÃŽ ²x+e Y = dependent variable ÃŽ ± = intercept ÃŽ ² = co-efficient of independent variable e =error When x=0, ÃŽ ± is an estimate of Y, then excess return of Microsoft would be given as: Excess return= -0.32415329+0.011371441+0.185690508 Adjusted R Square = 0.063498933 The adjusted R Square indicates that 6.3% of the variability in the excess return of Microsoft is explained by the market. I.e. for every percentage change of return in the market, Microsoft’s return changes by 6.3%.    BIBLIOGRAPHY Andrews, Paul. How the Web Was Won: Microsoft from Windows to the Web: The Inside Story of How Bill Gates and His Band of Internet Idealists Transformed a Software Empire. New York: Random House, 1999. Consuming, Michael A., Microsoft Secrets: How the Worlds Most Powerful Software Company Creates Technology, Shapes Markets, and Manages People, New York: Free Press, 1995, 512 p. Desmond, Edward W., Microsofts Big Bet on Small Machines, Fortune, July 20, 1998, pp. 86-90. EU, Microsoft Clash Over Monopoly Ruling, Associated Press, April 29, 2004. Evers, Joris, Ballmer: Windows Server 2003 Does More with Less, IDG News Service (San Francisco Bureau). France, Mike, Microsoft: The View at Halftime, Business Week, January 25, 1999, p. 78. Hamm, Steve, No LetupAnd No Apologies: Antitrust Scrutiny Hasnt Eased Microsofts Competitiveness, Business Week, October 26, 1998, p. 58. Higgins, David, The Man Who Owns the Future, Sydney Morning Herald, March 14, 1998, p. 1. Iceboat, Daniel, and Susan L. Knepper, The Making of Microsoft: How Bill Gates and His Team Created the Worlds Most Successful Software Company, Rocklin, Calif.: Prima Publishing, 1991, 304 p. Ichbiah, Daniel, and Susan L. Knepper. The Making of Microsoft: How Bill Gates and His Team Created the Worlds Most Successful Software Company. New York: St. Martins, 1991. Isaacson, Walter, In Search of the Real Bill Gates, Time Magazine, January 13, 1997, pp. 44+. Kirkpatrick, David, He Wants All Your BusinessAnd Hes Starting to Get It, Fortune, May 26, 1997, pp. 58+. Kirkpatrick, David, Microsoft: Is Your Company Its Next Meal?, Fortune, April 27, 1998, pp. 92-102. Krantz, Michael, If You Cant Beat Em Will Bill Gates Bailout Save AppleOr Just Strengthen Microsofts Hand in the Web Wars?, Time Magazine, August 18, 1997, pp. 35+. Manes, Stephen, and Paul Andrews, Gates: How Microsofts Mogul Reinvented an IndustryAnd Made Himself the Richest Man in America, New York: Doubleday, 1993. Mardesich, Jodi, Whats Weighing Down Microsoft?, Fortune, January 11, 1999, pp. 147-48. McKenzie, Richard B., Trust on Trial: How the Microsoft Case Is Reframing the Rules of Competition, Perseus Publishing, 2000. Microsoft Corporation. Inside Out: Microsoft- In Our Own Words. New York: Warner Books, 2000. Moody, Fred, I Sing the Body Electronic: A Year with Microsoft on the Multimedia Frontier, New York: Viking, 1995, 311 p. Nocera, Joseph, High Noon, Fortune, November 23, 1998, pp. 162+. Pollock, Andrew, Media; Microsoft Makes Another Interactive TV Investment, New York Times, January 24, 2000. Schlender, Brent, What Bill Gates Really Wants, Fortune, January 16, 1995, pp. 34+. Stross, Randall E., The Microsoft Way: The Real Story of How the Company Outsmarts Its Competition, Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley Publishing, 1996, 318 p. Wallace, James, and Jim Erickson, Hard Drive: Bill Gates and the Making of the Microsoft Empire, New York: Wiley, 1992, 426 p. Source: International Directory of Company Histories, Vol.63. St. James Press, 2004. answers.com/topic/microsoft#ixzz1Ia9E8U5d answers.com/main/dsdata?dsid=2940templateid=0cid=27590212qm_page=30703 bighistory.net/microsoft-a-short-history/ fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Microsoft-Corporation- Company-History.html

PSAT Score Needed for National Merit Scholarship

PSAT Score Needed for National Merit Scholarship SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Each year more than1.5 million juniors take the PSATin the hopes of qualifyingfor the National Merit Scholarship Program. But what score do they need to earnSemifinalist distinction? In this guide,we'll let you know whatPSAT score you need to qualify for Semifinalist status in your state and potentially move on to win a National Merit scholarship. What's a Good Score for National Merit Scholarship? The exact PSAT score for National Merit consideration varies from year to year and by state, but it's alwaysthe top 1% of students (about 16,000 juniors) who qualify as Semifinalists.About 15,000 students in this group then move on to become National Merit Finalists and win scholarship money. To be named a Semifinalist, youneed to score in the top 1% of yourstate - not the whole country. What scores do you need to qualify?To answer this question, you must first understand how the PSAT is scored. The PSAT is scoredfrom 320 to 1520.In addition to thatcompositescore, your score report will tell you yourtest scores forMath, Reading, and Writing and Language. These scores fall between 8 and 38. For National Merit eligibility, these are the most important score types. NMSC adds each section test scoretogether and then multiplies the sum by 2 to create a National Merit Selection Index Score. The resulting Selection Indexscore determines your National Merit eligibility. For example, let's sayyou got a 31 on Math, a 32 on Reading, and a 30 on Writing and Language. The sum of these subscores comes out to 93. You would then multiply this by 2toget your Selection Index Score: 186. In equation form, it looks like this: (31 + 32 + 30) * 2 = 186. Unfortunately, a Selection Index of 186 doesn'tqualify for National Merit Semifinalist status. What score do you need, then, to achieve this recognition? Read on for the full list of National Merit cutoffs in each state. Want to improve your PSAT score by 150 points? We have the industry's leading PSAT prep program. Built by Harvard grads and SAT full scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so that you get the most effective prep possible. Check out our 5-day free trial today: Qualifying Score for National Merit Semifinalistby State We've compiled a list of the qualifying scores for National Merit Semifinalist by state. These cutoffs applied tostudents who took the redesigned PSAT in the fall of 2017. State Selection Index Alabama 216 Alaska 215 Arizona 220 Arkansas 214 California 223 Colorado 221 Connecticut 222 Delaware 222 DC 223 Florida 219 Georgia 220 Hawaii 220 Idaho 214 Illinois 221 Indiana 219 Iowa 216 Kansas 218 Kentucky 218 Louisiana 217 Maine 217 Maryland 223 Massachusetts 223 Michigan 219 Minnesota 220 Mississippi 215 Missouri 217 Montana 214 Nebraska 216 Nevada 218 New Hampshire 219 New Jersey 223 New Mexico 215 New York 221 North Carolina 220 North Dakota 212 Ohio 219 Oklahoma 215 Oregon 221 Pennsylvania 220 Rhode Island 220 South Carolina 216 South Dakota 215 Tennessee 219 Texas 221 Utah 215 Vermont 216 Virginia 222 Washington 222 West Virginia 212 Wisconsin 216 Wyoming 212 Average Score 218 As you can see, scores vary depending on where you take the test. National Merit Index Selection Cutoffsregularly vary a few points between years, so aim to achieve a score at least 2-5 points higher than the predicted cutoff for your state! What Does This Mean for You? What Should Your Target PSAT Score Be? If you haven't taken the PSAT yet, then you can use the above chart to set target PSAT scores. Let's say you live in Nebraska. To be named a Semifinalist, you'll need a Selection Index score of 216. What scores do you need on each section of the PSAT to achieve this score? As you read above, your Selection Index equals the sum of your section scores (between 8 and 38) multiplied by 2. To figure out what PSAT scores you need based on your state's cutoff,simply work backward. As a Nebraska resident, your first step will be todivide Nebraska's cutoff score by 2: 216 / 2 = 108 Now, split 108 into three: 108 / 3 = 36 To get a Selection Index of 216, you'd need a 36 on each of the three sections (Math, Reading, and Writing and Language). Of course, youdon't have to set your target scores equally among the three sections. If you're especially strong at verbal skills, for example, you could instead aim for 38s on both Reading and Writing and a 32 in Math. Once you have a sense of what scores you'll need to meet your state's cutoff score, distribute them however you like based on your own academic strengths and weaknesses.Again, you can set target PSAT scores by dividing your state's cutoff in half and then splitting that quotient into three scores, each on a scale of 8-38. As mentioned above, the state cutoffs vary slightly from year to year depending on how students do on the PSAT. If you're really serious about getting named National Merit Semifinalist, then you should aim to score a little higher than this year's cutoff. By setting a goal for each section and devoting some time each week to prepping for the PSAT, you can achieve your goals and put yourself in the best position to earn a National Merit distinction. What’s Next? Are you taking the PSAT this year or next? Learn all about the newly redesigned test. Hoping to get the National Merit Scholarship?Get expert tips onhow to become a Semifinalist and how to win the scholarship. Are you interested in applying to othercollege scholarships? Read abouthow to get merit scholarships at state schools, how to win a Walmart Scholarship, and how to win these unusual scholarships. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Analysis for Without Prejudice TV show Research Paper

Analysis for Without Prejudice TV show - Research Paper Example This time, they are allowed to ask any question to the contestants except just only one, which is, how each of them will use the money that they will be given in the show. Apparently, the show’s purpose is to give away money to the one person among the five contestants who is the most liked. However, on the other side of this reality show, the panelists are faced with their own prejudices among people they do not know of. Since their only bases are the interviews made by the show’s production staff to these people and their brief interview to the last two contestants, they are left with nothing to rely on but to observe the contestants’ personalities according to their physical appearance as well as their body language and gestures. Through these forms of non-verbal communication, the panelists are able to decode their messages, even those that they do not communicate orally, by simply observing them. Relatively, this show is obviously important in studying communication, its theories and other factors that are associated with it. The panelists’ interpretation of the contestants through their facial expressions, body language, gestures, and the like are examples of non-verbal communication, which are often misinterpreted in the communication process due to stereotyping and people’s prejudices. Similarly, just as the contestants are judged by their 15-second introduction where verbal communication is observed, softness or loudness of voice, as well as clarity of speech are important factors in creating an impression that is essential in the communication process, too. The TV show allows two groups of people who are communicating in various ways in order to achieve their desired result. In interpersonal communication, in order for people to achieve a positive relationship, they should be able to create a good communication climate. As such, the group of people who are communicating with each other may either confirm or disconfirm each other in

Evaluate the role of violence in the US counter-culture Essay

Evaluate the role of violence in the US counter-culture - Essay Example Jobs were plentiful and the advances in technology that were rapidly filling all the dreams of a consumerist society filled homes with products that were making life easier and creating a world in which survival was no longer the primary concern. As the ‘utopian’ nature of the new technologically advanced world began to move forward, however, many people needed to find new challenges outside of the needs of survival in order to motivate achievement. Some of those challenges included revolutionizing the culture and in the 1960’s, movements that worked towards emancipating the culture from oppressions that were suppressing the rights of women and those of minority races began to rise. In addition, the Vietnam conflict was providing a resource from which to galvanize many people towards looking at the government with a more critical eye. The war provided fuel for those who believed that the motivations of the government in the use of its people no longer represented the best interests of the nation. The time period of the 1960’s was framed by a society that was trying to find a way in which to best situate the culture in order to provide for the most enlightened version of the American ideals. Emancipating women, African Americans, Hispanics, the military, and even attitudes about sex seemed to be the way toward creating a society that no longer impressed upon some of its people oppression that prevented them from reaching their goals within the context of the ‘American dream’. What had seemed so perfect in the 1950’s was revealed for a facade that was hiding a plethora of social problems that could now be revealed as the freedoms that technology and the rise of the media presented an open door through which causes could stake their claims and make social revolutions out of injustices that were occurring. The media arts, such as literature and film, began to reflect the desires of those who were firmly situated in the counterculture revolutions of the period, expressing anger through violence. The expressions of violence created a sensationalized point of view, however, often galvanizing people in a direction that did not promote improvement of society but that incited anarchy. The connection between social revolution and violence in film and literature is defined by the shifts that can be observed in the cultural attitudes of the 1960’s and the 1970’s. Specific changes, especially and readily available in the example of film, provide a frame for understanding how society changed from a glossy representation of idealized values to a peeled back, raw version of social construction in which the flaws of the culture were finally exposed. In exposing those flaws, however, the artful representations became increasingly violent having an effect on the way in which some people would view the causes, some who were against those causes and others who were part of the movement. 2. Charles St arkweather In 1958 Charles Starkweather and his girlfriend Caril Anne Fugate, both teenagers with the girl being only fourteen, went on a murderous spree that shook the image of security that people of the United States had about their relationships with law, safety, and with the control that they felt that they had over their society. The late 1950’s represented a time in penal history where reforms were being considered as the nature of the criminal mind was discussed in terms of society’s responsibility in forming individuals who were inclined

Study Proposal: Causative Mutations in Optic Neuropathy

Study Proposal: Causative Mutations in Optic Neuropathy Optic neuropathy refers to degeneration of optic nerve. It is often described as optic atrophy that means loss of few or most of optic nerve fibers [1]. It can be symmetric or bilateral based on toxic or nutritional ( vitamin B12 or folate deficiency) insults and genetic defects [4]. In genetically inherited optic atrophies, retinal ganglion cells and optic nerve fiber layer are damaged. This damage can be focal (affects macular beam of optic nerve) or generalized [6]. The axons of retinal ganglion cells arise from retina and from optic nerve. The optic nerve enter cortex via optic disc where input signal is processed into vision. The retinal ganglion cells or nerve cells of inner retina form 1.2 million nerve fibers [1]. The key features of optic neuropathy results from death of these nerve cells or neurons. Autosomal recessive optic atrophies (ROAs) indicate loss of nerve fibers that form optic disc, optic nerve, optic chiasm and optic tracts [net bookmark]. The only key feature of isolated ROAs is optic nerve degeneration. To date defects in genes coding for mitochondrial proteins leads to isolated ROAs [4]. The genetically inherited atrophies can be familial that follows Mendelian pattern of inheritance (X-linked recessive, autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant) or non Mendelian (mitochondrial) [2]. In autosomal recessive Mendelian pattern of inheritance, two copies of mutant allele in affected person and one copy of mutant allele in carrier are present. When two carriers mate, there is an equal chance (25%) of being affected and unaffected. There is a 50% chance of being heterozygous (unaffected carrier). But in autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance, affected individuals have one mutant copy of allele so every individual has 50% chance of being affected or being normal. In the pure congenital autosomal recessive optic atrophy, symptoms like visual impairment appear very early and are present at birth or appear in first year of life. Affected individuals are severely impaired visually leading to visual disability or complete blindness. It is never associated with neurological disorders. It can be diagnosed very early, usually before the age of 4 years. Fundus examination reveals optic disc pallor temporally or bilaterally. A cupping may develop with age [3]. Affected individuals suffer from central scotoma, photophobia and also have red green color confusion [6]. Family history is critical for diagnosis [Hereditaryà ¿opticà ¿neuropathies: from clinical signs to diagnosis]. Clinical diagnosis involves fundoscopy, visual field testing, fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography scan of the retinal nerve fiber layers, color vision analysis and standard electroretinogram. Damage from optic nerve atrophy cannot be reversed [4].To clinically distinguishes it from LHON flourscene angiography was done which fails to show any peripapillary microvascular changes, beside this retinal activity is also normal confirmed by electroretinogram. Pathology of arOA is confirmed by testing visual evoked potential which was totally absent in affected individuals. Central or cecocentral faults are diagnosed through visual field testing. Lesion in the fovea or papillomacular bundle leads to cental scotoma which ultimately affects the central fixation. Thinning of retinal nerve fiber layer is diagnosed through optical coherence tomography scan [3, 4, clinical diagnosis]. Papillomacular bundle leads to the extension of cecocentral sctoma towards blind spot. There is no effective treatment for optic atrophy because degeneration of nerve fibers is irreversible process. Although further damage can be prevented by early diagnosis and by treating underlying causes of the disorder [ net bookmark]. As environmental factor play their role in every aspect of life likewise in this disorder alcohol consumption and smoking should be strictly prohibited [Hereditaryopticneuropathies: from clinical signs to diagnosis]. Genetic counseling and proper awareness of people is very important to prevent such genetic disorders without any effective treatment. New therapies are being formulated by designing animal models or by clinical trial on affected humans these therapies mainly focuses in preventing oxidative stress. Animal models have been designed for testing the various treatments in case of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy [Treatment of hereditaryopticneuropathies]. arOA is divided into syndromic and non-syndromic form, syndromic arOA involve multiple organs other than eye which are effected just like wolfram syndrome [6, net bookmarks]. While in non-syndromic optic nerve is affected only and it also shows familial transmission more than one members of same family can also be affected [Hereditaryopticneuropathies: from clinical signs to diagnosis]. OPA 6 and 7 are the two loci which are characterized till now, mutation in any one of two leads to arOA. Disease causing gene has been localized at chromosome 8q21–q22 (Zmax of 3.41 at h ¼0 for D8S270). D8S1794 and D8S1702 markers present on OPA6 in a 12Mb interval [6]. OPA7 containing 40 known genes, only one gene TMEM126A screened as a causative agent of non-syndromic arOA [4, 7]. TMEM126A is homozygous nonsense mutation characterized as first known mutation in case of isolated arOA, this gene transcribed into mitochondrial transmembrane protein. TMEM126A helps in early nucleation of mitochondrial complexes that is why it is also termed as mitochondria-localized mRNA (MLR) protein. It play important role in function of retinal ganglion cells by arranging protein complexes essential for the proper functioning of RGCs. It is hypothesized that TMEM126A may accelerate the rate at which protein complex assemble, which otherwise occurs slowly that ultimately affect high energy demanding RGCs. While in other tissues the effect of this mutation may be substituted by some other protein of TMEM family [4, 7]. TMEM126A transcribe single ubiquitous transcript of 770bp that contain total five exons four coding and one non-coding exon. TMEM126A present on chromosome 11 and its span is 8.5 kb. Testis, fetal retinal pigmentary epithelium (RPE), fetal retina, brain (whole), cerebellum, fetal brain and skeletal muscle are the sites where strong expression of TMEM126A has been observed. Substantial amount of specific mRNA in the ganglion cell layer, optic nerve head, the outer ellipsoide length of photoreceptor inner segments, and the outer plexiform layer is detected by the process of insitu hybridization in mouse i.e. 8 month old. In the photoreceptor outer segments and outer nuclear layer (ONL) no labeling is noticed. Mitochondria specific Alpha subunit of the ATP synthase is Immunolocalized on retinal sections of the same mouse which resulted into the same pattern of expression. So it is confirmed that TMEM126A transcribe mitochondrial localized m RNA. Linkage analysis is the process helps in finding mutation or gene resulted into arOA. Potential functionality of genes with their chromosomal location is associated through this statistical method. During chromosomal recombination markers present closely or on the same area on chromosome will remain attached together are transmitted as such in offspring’s this idea is exploited in linkage analysis. If in an individual disease gene is transmitted along with some specific markers it means disease causing gene is present close to these markers. Those disorders that follow Mendelian inheritance pattern can easily be analyzed through this process [5]. This study will be the first step which further helps in identifying the causative gene responsible for arOA in Pakistani population and also help in designing therapeutic tools for the benefit of affected persons. By conducting these type of studies we can also aware our population about such type of rare disorders.

Ozymandias and Death the Leveller Essay

â€Å"Death is a leveller†, this statement implies that death makes everyone equal or ‘level’. In the poems, â€Å"Ozymandias† by Percy Bysshe Shelley and â€Å"Death the Leveller† by James Shirley, they each portray this in similar ways. Each refer to this statement by using the notion of a powerful figure, who would seem to be ‘invincible’, forgotten through time, hence forth, making them equal to people who would have achieved very little within their lifetime. In â€Å"Ozymandias†, Percy Bysshe Shelley relates a description of a mysterious land laid to waste. The speaker recalls having met a traveller â€Å"from an antique land,† who told him a story about the ruins of a statue in the desert of his native country. At the very beginning of the poem, Shelley creates a remote landscape, unknown by many therefore distancing the narration. The title â€Å"Ozymandias† refers to the great Egyptian King Rameses II. This unfamiliar name gives the impression to the reader that it will about someone anonymous though during his life, he would have been very influential on the world around him. â€Å"Half sunk, a shattered visage lies† denotes the face of the statue damaged and worn throughout time, metaphorically, like his power lost though time. Shelley then describes the face of the statue more, † whose frown and wrinkled lip, and sneer of cold command† implies that throughout this rein over Egypt, he was a forceful and merciless ruler and wanted to be known for that and sculptor himself, also makes show it is understood. â€Å"Which yet survive, stamped on these lifeless things† explains to the reader that even though part of the statue has survived the abuse from nature, it still means nothing as it stands in a desolate landscape undiscovered by many. This links back to his reputation’s destruction over time. However, Shelley adds â€Å"The hand that mocked them and the heart that fed† implying that even though he may have shunned those less powerful than him, in his heart, he did want them to survive in this ruling. â€Å"My name is Ozymandias, king of kings:  Look on my works, ye Mighty, and despair!†Ã‚  In this quotation, Shelley emphasises greatly the irony of this message scribed into his statue. Within Ozymandias’ time, this statue would have represented the fear he caused to his people and the power he possessed over them. Yet now, it lies crumbled and forgotten in the middle of a desert inhabited by no one with his city in ruins around him. Shelley expresses how even the mighty have no power of death and how they are forgotten. The following line says â€Å"Nothing besides remains†, as if Shelley mocks his once mighty power with a simple yet painfully truthful statement, showing that it is inevitable that nothing will make him remembered again. â€Å"Round the decay of that colossal wreck, boundless and bare  The lone and level sands stretch far away.†Ã‚  Shelley mentions the sand as level and stretching far away. Sand is related to hourglasses, used to measure time. He also says the sand is ‘level’ meaning that you could far around you and see nothing but the isolated environment around you. This links in with time making everything equal and making eventually forgotten, and how each piece of sand is indefinable from the other. Alliteration is used to create an effective rhythm within the last lines of the stanza. It creates a feeling of total certainty that this is how this statue, like Ozymandias’ reputation, will stand until it is worn away to become another grain of sand. This poem was written in the age when Napoleon Bonaparte was at his height of power, but Shelley believed this would eventually been his fate. ‘Death the Leveller’ was written by James Shirley the time when King Charles was reined over England. In that time period, many people did not wish to have a king; therefore, King Charles was eventually beheaded. The purpose of the poem was a warning to the King, showing that he had no escape from death, even with his courage a huge army. Shirley begins â€Å"The glories of our blood and state are shadows, not substantial things† denotes that how no matter how important your blood is or how powerful you are in life, death will make you as meaningful as a shadow, forgotten and neglected. Shirley then states how there is â€Å"no armour against fate† meaning that death is something you cannot escape, regardless of who you are within life. Shirley also makes death human like by saying it lays its â€Å"icy hand on kings†

Battle of Dien Bien Phu in the First Indochina War

The Battle of Dien Bien Phu was fought from March 13 to May 7, 1954, and was the decisive engagement of the First Indochina War (1946-1954), the precursor to the Vietnam War. In 1954, French forces in French Indochina sought to cut the Viet Minhs supply lines to Laos. To accomplish this, a large fortified base was constructed at Dien Bien Phu in northwest Vietnam. It was hoped that the presence of the base would draw the Viet Minh into a pitched battle where superior French firepower could destroy its army. Poorly sited in the low ground of the valley, the base was soon besieged by Viet Minh forces which used artillery and infantry assaults to grind down the enemy while also deploying a large number of anti-aircraft guns to prevent the French from resupplying or evacuating. In nearly two months of fighting, the entire French garrison was either killed or captured. The victory effectively ended the First Indochina War and led to the 1954 Geneva Accords which split the country into North and South Vietnam. Background With the First Indochina War going poorly for the French, Premier Rene Mayer dispatched General Henri Navarre to take command in May 1953. Arriving in Hanoi, Navarre found that no long-term plan existed for defeating the Viet Minh and that French forces simply reacted to the enemys moves. Believing that he was also tasked with defending neighboring Laos, Navarre sought an effective method for interdicting Viet Minh supply lines through the region. Working with Colonel Louis Berteil, the hedgehog concept was developed which called for French troops to establish fortified camps near Viet Minh supply routes. Supplied by air, the hedgehogs would allow French troops to block the Viet Minhs supplies, compelling them to fall back. The concept was largely based on the French success at the Battle of Na San in late 1952. General Vo Nguyen Giap. Photograph Source: Public Domain Holding the high ground around a fortified camp at Na San, French forces had repeatedly beaten back assaults by General Vo Nguyen Giaps Viet Minh troops. Navarre believed that the approach used at Na San could be enlarged to force the Viet Minh to commit to a large, pitched battle where superior French firepower could destroy Giaps army. Building the Base In June 1953, Major General Renà © Cogny first proposed the idea of creating a mooring point at Dien Bien Phu in northwest Vietnam. While Cogny had envisioned a lightly defended airbase, Navarre seized on the location for trying the hedgehog approach. Though his subordinates protested, pointing out that unlike Na San they would not hold the high ground around the camp, Navarre persisted and planning moved forward. On November 20, 1953, Operation Castor commenced and 9,000 French troops were dropped into the Dien Bien Phu area over the next three days. Colonel Christian de Castries. US Army With Colonel Christian de Castries in command, they quickly overcame local Viet Minh opposition and began building a series of eight fortified strong points. Given female names, de Castries headquarters was located in the center of four fortifications known as Huguette, Dominique, Claudine, and Eliane. To the north, northwest, and northeast were works dubbed Gabrielle, Anne-Marie, and Beatrice, while four miles to the south, Isabelle guarded the bases reserve airstrip. Over the coming weeks, de Castries garrison increased to 10,800 men supported by artillery and ten M24 Chaffee light tanks. Battle of Dien Bien Phu Conflict: First Indochina War (1946-1954)Dates: March 13-May 7, 1954Armies and Commanders:FrenchBrigadier General Christian de CastriesColonel Pierre LanglaisMajor General Rene Cogny10,800 men (March 13)Viet MinhVo Nguyen Giap48,000 men (March 13)Casualties:French: 2,293 killed, 5,195 wounded, and 10,998 capturedViet Minh: approx. 23,000 Under Siege Moving to attack the French, Giap dispatched troops against the fortified camp at Lai Chau, forcing the garrison to flee towards Dien Bien Phu. En route, the Viet Minh effectively destroyed the 2,100-man column and only 185 reached the new base on December 22. Seeing an opportunity at Dien Bien Phu, Giap moved approximately 50,000 men into the hills around the French position, as well as the bulk of his heavy artillery and anti-aircraft guns. The preponderance of Viet Minh guns came as a surprise to the French who did not believe that Giap possessed a large artillery arm. Though Viet Minh shells began falling on the French position on January 31, 1954, Giap did not open the battle in earnest until 5:00 PM on March 13. Utilizing a new moon, Viet Minh forces launched a massive assault on Beatrice behind a heavy barrage of artillery fire. French M24 Chaffee light tanks firing during the Battle of Dien Bien Phu, 1954. US Army Extensively trained for the operation, Viet Minh troops quickly overcame French opposition and secured the works. A French counterattack the next morning was easily defeated. The next day, artillery fire disabled the French airstrip forcing supplies to be dropped by parachute. That evening, Giap sent two regiments from the 308th Division against Gabrielle. Battling Algerian troops, they fought through the night. Hoping to relieve the beleaguered garrison, de Castries launched a counterattack north, but with little success. By 8:00 AM on March 15, the Algerians were forced to retreat. Two days later, Anne-Maries was easily taken when the Viet Minh were able to convince the Tai (a Vietnamese ethnic minority loyal to the French) soldiers manning it to defect. Though the next two weeks saw a lull in fighting, the French command structure was in tatters. The End Nears Despairing over the early defeats, de Castries secluded himself in his bunker and Colonel Pierre Langlais effectively took command of the garrison. During this time, Giap tightened his lines around the four central French fortifications. On March 30, after cutting off Isabelle, Giap began a series of assaults on the eastern bastions of Dominique and Eliane. Achieving a foothold in Dominique, the Viet Minhs advance was stopped by concentrated French artillery fire. Fighting raged in Dominique and Eliane through April 5, with the French desperately defending and counterattacking. Pausing, Giap shifted to trench warfare and attempted to isolate each French position. Over the next several days, fighting continued with heavy losses on both sides. With his mens morale sinking, Giap was forced to call for reinforcements from Laos. While the battle raged on the eastern side, Viet Minh forces succeeded in penetrating Huguette and by April 22 had captured 90% of the air strip. This made resupply, which had been difficult due to heavy anti-aircraft fire, next to impossible. Between May 1 and May 7, Giap renewed his assault and succeeded in overrunning the defenders. Fighting to the end, the last French resistance ended by nightfall on May 7. French prisoners of war are marched out of Dien Bien Phu, 1954. Public Domain Aftermath A disaster for the French, losses at Dien Bien Phu numbered 2,293 killed, 5,195 wounded, and 10,998 captured. Viet Minh casualties are estimated at around 23,000. The defeat at Dien Bien Phu marked the end of the First Indochina War and spurred peace negotiations which were ongoing in Geneva. The resulting 1954 Geneva Accords partitioned the country at the 17th Parallel and created a communist state in the north and a democratic state in the south. The resulting conflict between these two regimes ultimately grew into the Vietnam War.